House System

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The houses are counted anti-clockwise[1]

General

The system used to divide the zodiac into twelve further segments called houses (see diagram). The houses form the horoscope's "terrestrial" frame of reference, as opposed to the zodiac which forms the "celestial" frame of reference.

There are both so-called equal and unequal house systems. However, no matter which system is used, the axes Ascendant/ Descendant and Medium Coeli/ Imum Coeli stay the same. In most cases, the Ascendant marks the cusp of the first house and the Medium Coeli the cusp of the tenth house.

Equal House Systems

Here the zodiac is divided into equal segments of thirty degrees with the Ascendant either marking the cusp of the first house or situated within it. The Medium Coeli, on the other hand, does not have to be in the tenth house but can be situated anywhere between the eighth and the eleventh house. Intercepted Signs do not occur in equal house systems. The Whole Sign house system is the most ancient house system of all. There, the sign of the Ascendant is the first house, with the Ascendant somewhere in it.

Unequal House Systems

In the unequal house systems the four quadrants, i.e. the four segments defined by the main axes, are divided into three further segments of unequal size. However, the houses situated opposite each other are always the same size. There are numerous unequal house systems. The most well-known are:

Porphyry

This system is now rarely used. It originates from the 3rd century BCE and divides the four quadrants in three equal segments. The Porphyry system is based on the ecliptic.

Campanus

This system was developed by Giovanni Campani (1233-1296). In the Campanus house system, the Prime Vertical (the great circle which takes in the East and West points on the horizon and runs from the zenith to the nadir) is divided by twelve. These divisions are then projected onto the ecliptic along great circles which meet at the North and South points on the horizon. The house cusps are situated at the points where the twelve circles cross the ecliptic.

Regiomontanus

In this system, developed by the mathematician, astronomer and astrologer Regiomontanus (Johannes Müller, 1436-1476), the celestial sphere is divided into twelve equal segments of thirty degrees. These divisions are projected onto the ecliptic along great circles that take in the North and South points on the horizon. The house positions are marked by the points at which the great circles cross the celestial sphere.

Placidus

The Italian priest Placidus de Titis (1603-1668) developed a temporal system which trisects the distance between the Ascendant and both the Imum and Medium Coeli. The basis of measurement is the time taken for each degree of the ecliptic to rise from the nadir (Imum Coeli) to the Ascendant, and from the Ascendant to the Midheaven (Medium Coeli).
The Placidus House System is the most commonly used.

GOH or Koch

The so-called GOH system was propagated by the school principle Walter Koch (1895-1970) and is sometimes called the Koch House System‎. The circle of latitude at the place of birth is divided into equal segments.

There is no general agreement among astrologers as to which house system is the "correct one". No system has been proven to be inherently superior to the others. All that can be done is to choose a house system based on the personal experience of which one appears to give the most accurate results. The disadvantage of the unequal house systems is that they don't work for places at very high latitudes.

Weblinks

Also about Rudhyar's use of the Campanus system
The question of Ptolemy’s preferred method of house division came up on the discussion forum on Skyscript recently...
Regiomontanus with Astrolabe[2])
According to the Co-Star Astrology App (and many other internet reports): “The Whole Sign house system is the oldest form of house division, and remained the preferred method of determining houses for about a thousand years after its inception.” Is this really so? How did a ‘system’ which had no name or recognition in any well-known historical accounts of the various methods of house division, spread from zero to hero in only 30 years?
It all started with Project Hindsight...
Chris Brennan discusses and gives a commentary on a recent lecture by Deborah Houlding denying the historical existence of the whole sign house system
Chris Brennan summarizes his view of the topic; episode 227 of his show

Notes and References

  1. ↑ Starting with the Ascendant (which usually is on the left)
  2. ↑ Woodcut from the Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493
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